Typhoid fever, also known as Salmonella typhi or commonly just typhoid,^[1] is a common worldwide illness, transmitted by the ingestion of food or water contaminated with the feces of an infected person.^[2] The bacteria then perforate through the intestinal wall and are phagocytosed by macrophages. The organism is a Gram-negative short bacillus that is motile due to its peritrichous flagella. The bacterium grows best at 37 °C/99 °F – human body temperature.

This fever received various names, such as gastric fever, the bends, abdominal typhus, infantile remittant fever, slow fever, nervous fever,pythogenic fever, etc. The name of " typhoid " was given by Louis in 1829, as a derivative from typhus.

The impact of this disease falls sharply with the application of modern sanitation techniques.

source: Wikipedia